What are 6 symptoms of having kidney stones?

 What is a kidney stone?

A kidney stone is a hard object that is made from chemicals in the urine. There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. A kidney stone may be treated with shockwave lithotripsy, uteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithomy or nephrolithotripsy. Common symptoms include severe pain in lower back, blood in your urine, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills, or urine that smells bad or looks cloudy.

Urine has various wastes dissolved in it. When there is too much waste in too little liquid, crystals begin to form. The crystals attract other elements and join together to form a solid that will get larger unless it is passed out of the body with the urine. Usually, these chemicals are eliminated in the urine by the body's master chemist: the kidney. In most people, having enough liquid washes them out or other chemicals in urine stop a stone from forming. The stone-forming chemicals are calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, and phosphate.

After it is formed, the stone may stay in the kidney or travel down the urinary tract into the ureter. Sometimes, tiny stones move out of the body in the urine without causing too much pain. But stones that don't move may cause a back-up of urine in the kidney, ureter, the bladder, or the urethra. This is what causes the pain.

Causes

Kidney stones are common. Some types run in families. They often occur in premature infants.

There are different types of kidney stones. The cause of the problem depends on the type of stone.

Stones can form when urine contains too much of certain substances that form crystals. These crystals can develop into stones over weeks or months.

• Calcium stones are most common. They are most likely to occur in men between ages 20 to 30. Calcium can combine with other substances to form the stone.
• Oxalate is the most common of these. Oxalate is present in certain foods such as spinach. It is also found in vitamin C supplements. Diseases of the small intestine increase your risk for these stones.

Calcium stones can also form from combining with phosphate or carbonate.

Other types of stones include:

• Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria. This disorder runs in families. It affects both men and women.
• Struvite stones are mostly found in men or women who have repeated urinary tract infections. These stones can grow very large and can block the kidney, ureter, or bladder.
• Uric acid stones are more common in men than in women. They can occur with gout or chemotherapy.
• Other substances, such as certain medicines, also can form stones.

The biggest risk factor for kidney stones is not drinking enough fluids. Kidney stones are more likely to occur if you make less than 1 liter (32 ounces) of urine a day.

Symptoms

Some kidney stones are as small as a grain of sand. Others are as large as a pebble. A few are as large as a golf ball! As a general rule, the larger the stone, the more noticeable are the symptoms.

6 symptoms of having kidney stones:

1. severe pain on either side of your lower back
2. more vague pain or stomach ache that doesn't go away
3. blood in the urine
4. nausea or vomiting
5. fever and chills
6. urine that smells bad or looks cloudy

The kidney stone starts to hurt when it causes irritation or blockage. This builds rapidly to extreme pain. In most cases, kidney stones pass without causing damage-but usually not without causing a lot of pain. Pain relievers may be the only treatment needed for small stones. Other treatment may be needed, especially for those stones that cause lasting symptoms or other complications. In severe cases, however, surgery may be required.

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FAQs: 10 Symptoms and causes of Kidney Stones

1. Are kidney stones a common problem?

Yes, kidney stones are quite common, affecting around 1 in 10 individuals during their lifetime.

2. How are kidney stones diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a physical examination, analysis of urine and blood samples, imaging tests (X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound), and stone analysis.

3. Can kidney stones be prevented?

Yes, adopting a healthy lifestyle, staying hydrated, and managing underlying conditions can help reduce the risk of kidney stone formation.

4. Are all kidney stones painful?

Most kidney stones cause severe pain as they pass through the urinary tract. However, smaller stones may pass without noticeable symptoms.

5. Can kidney stones be treated without surgery?

In many cases, kidney stones can be treated non-surgically, through medication, lifestyle changes, or procedures like lithotripsy.

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